디버깅
1)
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
  char a, b, c;
  a = 100;
  b = 300;
  c = a + b;

  printf("%d + %d = %d
", a, b, c);
  return 0;
}
2)

#include <iostream>


int main()
{
    int num1 = 0;
    int num2;
    char name[] = "Adrian";
    double xx;

    num2 = num1 + 5;
    num2++;
    for (int i = -2; i <= 2; i++)
    {
        num1 = i;
    }

    name[0] = 'a'; 

    std::cout << "Enter a real number: ";
    std::cin >> xx;

    std::cout << xx << std::endl;

    system("pause");

    return 0;
}

자료형 bool
1) true 와 false 값
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main(void)
{
    int num = 10;
    int i = 0;
    cout << "true: " << true << endl;
    cout << "false: " << false << endl;
    while(true)
    {
        cout << i++ << ' ';
        if(i > num)
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    cout << endl;
    cout << "size of 1: " << sizeof(1) << endl;
    cout << "size of 0: " << sizeof(0) << endl;
    cout << "size of true: " << sizeof(true) << endl;
    cout << "size of false: " << sizeof(false) << endl;
    system("pause");  // VC++ 에서만 필요
    return 0;
}

2) 자료형 bool
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

bool IsPositive(int num)
{
    if(num <= 0)
        return false;
    else
        return true;
}

int main(void)
{
    bool isPos;
    int num;
    cout << "Input number: ";
    cin >> num;

    isPos = IsPositive(num);
    if(isPos)
    {
        cout << "Positive number" << endl;
    }
    else
    {
        cout << "Negative number or zero" << endl;
    }

    system("pause");  // VC++ 에서만 필요
    return 0;
}


구조체

1) C++에서 구조체 변수 선언(typedef 불필요)
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

#define ID_LEN      20
#define MAX_SPD     200
#define FUEL_STEP   2
#define ACC_STEP    10
#define BRK_STEP    10

struct Car
{
    char gamerID[ID_LEN];
    int fuelGauge;
    int curSpeed;

};

void ShowCarState(const Car& car)
{
    cout << "소유자 ID: " << car.gamerID << endl;
    cout << "연료량: " << car.fuelGauge << "%" << endl;
    cout << "현재 속도: " << car.curSpeed << "km/h" << endl << endl;
}

void Accel(Car& car)
{
    if (car.fuelGauge <= 0)
        return;
    else
        car.fuelGauge -= FUEL_STEP;

    if (car.curSpeed + ACC_STEP >= MAX_SPD)
    {
        car.curSpeed = MAX_SPD;
        return;
    }
    car.curSpeed += ACC_STEP;
}

void Break(Car& car)
{
    if (car.curSpeed < BRK_STEP)
    {
        car.curSpeed = 0;
        return;
    }

    car.curSpeed -= BRK_STEP;
}

int main(void)
{
    Car run99 = { "run99", 100, 0 };
    Accel(run99);
    Accel(run99);
    ShowCarState(run99);
    Break(run99);
    ShowCarState(run99);

    Car sped77 = { "sped77", 100, 0 };
    Accel(sped77);
    Break(sped77);
    ShowCarState(sped77);

    system("pause");  // VC++ 에서만 필요

    return 0;
} 




2) 구조체 내부에 함수 삽입(inline으로 처리)
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

#define ID_LEN      20
#define MAX_SPD     200
#define FUEL_STEP   2
#define ACC_STEP    10
#define BRK_STEP    10

struct Car
{
    char gamerID[ID_LEN];
    int fuelGauge;
    int curSpeed;

    void ShowCarState()
    {
        cout << "소유자 ID: " << gamerID << endl;
        cout << "연료량: " << fuelGauge << "%" << endl;
        cout << "현재 속도: " << curSpeed << "km/h" << endl << endl;
    }

    void Accel()
    {
        if (fuelGauge <= 0)
            return;
        else
            fuelGauge -= FUEL_STEP;

        if (curSpeed + ACC_STEP >= MAX_SPD)
        {
            curSpeed = MAX_SPD;
            return;
        }
        curSpeed += ACC_STEP;
    }

    void Break()
    {
        if (curSpeed < BRK_STEP)
        {
            curSpeed = 0;
            return;
        }
        curSpeed -= BRK_STEP;
    }
};



int main(void)
{
    Car run99 = { "run99", 100, 0 };
    run99.Accel(); // run99의 맴버 함수
    run99.Accel();
    run99.ShowCarState();
    run99.Break();
    run99.ShowCarState();

    Car sped77 = { "sped77", 100, 0 };
    sped77.Accel();  // sped77의 맴버 함수
    sped77.Break();
    sped77.ShowCarState();

    system("pause");  // VC++ 에서만 필요

    return 0;
} 

3) 구조체 안에 enum 상수의 선언

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

struct Car
{
    enum
    {
        ID_LEN = 20,
        MAX_SPD = 200,
        FUEL_STEP = 2,
        ACC_STEP = 10,
        BRK_STEP = 10
    };

    char gamerID[ID_LEN];
    int fuelGauge;
    int curSpeed;

    void ShowCarState()
    {
        cout << "소유자 ID: " << gamerID << endl;
        cout << "연료량: " << fuelGauge << "%" << endl;
        cout << "현재 속도: " << curSpeed << "km/h" << endl << endl;
    }

    void Accel()
    {
        if (fuelGauge <= 0)
            return;
        else
            fuelGauge -= FUEL_STEP;

        if (curSpeed + ACC_STEP >= MAX_SPD)
        {
            curSpeed = MAX_SPD;
            return;
        }
        curSpeed += ACC_STEP;
    }

    void Break()
    {
        if (curSpeed < BRK_STEP)
        {
            curSpeed = 0;
            return;
        }
        curSpeed -= BRK_STEP;
    }
};



int main(void)
{
    Car run99 = { "run99", 100, 0 };
    run99.Accel(); // run99의 맴버 함수
    run99.Accel();
    run99.ShowCarState();
    run99.Break();
    run99.ShowCarState();

    Car sped77 = { "sped77", 100, 0 };
    sped77.Accel();  // sped77의 맴버 함수
    sped77.Break();
    sped77.ShowCarState();

    system("pause");  // VC++ 에서만 필요

    return 0;
}

4) 함수는 외부에서 정의 가능(inline으로 처리하지 않음)
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

struct Car
{
    enum
    {
        ID_LEN = 20,
        MAX_SPD = 200,
        FUEL_STEP = 2,
        ACC_STEP = 10,
        BRK_STEP = 10
    };

    char gamerID[ID_LEN];
    int fuelGauge;
    int curSpeed;

    void ShowCarState();
    void Accel();
    void Break();
};

void Car::ShowCarState()
{
    cout << "소유자 ID: " << gamerID << endl;
    cout << "연료량: " << fuelGauge << "%" << endl;
    cout << "현재 속도: " << curSpeed << "km/h" << endl << endl;
}

void Car::Accel()
{
    if (fuelGauge <= 0)
        return;
    else
        fuelGauge -= FUEL_STEP;

    if (curSpeed + ACC_STEP >= MAX_SPD)
    {
        curSpeed = MAX_SPD;
        return;
    }
    curSpeed += ACC_STEP;
}

void Car::Break()
{
    if (curSpeed < BRK_STEP)
    {
        curSpeed = 0;
        return;
    }
    curSpeed -= BRK_STEP;
}



int main(void)
{
    Car run99 = { "run99", 100, 0 };
    run99.Accel(); // run99의 맴버 함수
    run99.Accel();
    run99.ShowCarState();
    run99.Break();
    run99.ShowCarState();

    Car sped77 = { "sped77", 100, 0 };
    sped77.Accel();  // sped77의 맴버 함수
    sped77.Break();
    sped77.ShowCarState();

    system("pause");  // VC++ 에서만 필요

    return 0;
}

5) 명시적으로 inline 실행
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

struct Car
{
    enum
    {
        ID_LEN = 20,
        MAX_SPD = 200,
        FUEL_STEP = 2,
        ACC_STEP = 10,
        BRK_STEP = 10
    };

    char gamerID[ID_LEN];
    int fuelGauge;
    int curSpeed;

    inline void ShowCarState();
    inline void Accel();
    inline void Break();
};

void Car::ShowCarState()
{
    cout << "소유자 ID: " << gamerID << endl;
    cout << "연료량: " << fuelGauge << "%" << endl;
    cout << "현재 속도: " << curSpeed << "km/h" << endl << endl;
}

void Car::Accel()
{
    if (fuelGauge <= 0)
        return;
    else
        fuelGauge -= FUEL_STEP;

    if (curSpeed + ACC_STEP >= MAX_SPD)
    {
        curSpeed = MAX_SPD;
        return;
    }
    curSpeed += ACC_STEP;
}

void Car::Break()
{
    if (curSpeed < BRK_STEP)
    {
        curSpeed = 0;
        return;
    }
    curSpeed -= BRK_STEP;
}



int main(void)
{
    Car run99 = { "run99", 100, 0 };
    run99.Accel(); // run99의 맴버 함수
    run99.Accel();
    run99.ShowCarState();
    run99.Break();
    run99.ShowCarState();

    Car sped77 = { "sped77", 100, 0 };
    sped77.Accel();  // sped77의 맴버 함수
    sped77.Break();
    sped77.ShowCarState();

    system("pause");  // VC++ 에서만 필요

    return 0;
}